---
path: /elektro/hr/rts10/
tags: kladjes, elektro, elektro/hr, elektro/hr/rts10
auther: 
  - Finley van Reenen (0964590@hr.nl)
auther_short: "E.L.F. van Reenen"
---

# Report Week 1.2

## volatile

`volatile` is a keyword in c to specify to the comiler it soult not optimize the variable away. This can be usfull for debugging perpeses, if a it is used somewhere the compiler does not reconize or (for example hardwere registers). I learnd this form colleagues on my internship at Erisk.

## assignment 2.2

> will in line 14 and 21^[line numerbers differ from the assignment, becouse change longer lines te prevent linewrapping] to alternate the green and red with oragne and blue.

The pinout is as followed

orange: port D bit 13  
green: port D bit 12  
red: port D bit 14  
blue: port D bit 15

Bit 12 and 14 sould start different as bit 13 and 15. Then invert all four bits every loop to achees the assignment.

I found the defines in the sourcefile where the _modder_ defines are defined.

```c {.numberLines}
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stm32f4xx.h>

int main(void)
{
    // GPIO Port D Clock Enable
    RCC->AHB1ENR = RCC_AHB1ENR_GPIODEN;
    // GPIO Port D Pin 15 down to 12 Push/Pull Output
    GPIOD->MODER = GPIO_MODER_MODER12_0
                   | GPIO_MODER_MODER13_0 
                   | GPIO_MODER_MODER14_0 
                   | GPIO_MODER_MODER15_0;
    // Set green and red LEDs
    GPIOD->ODR = GPIO_ODR_OD12 | GPIO_ODR_OD14;
    // Do forever:
    while (1)
    {
        // Wait a moment
        for (volatile int32_t i = 0; i < 1000000; i++);
        // Flip all LEDs
        GPIOD->ODR ^= GPIO_ODR_OD12
                      | GPIO_ODR_OD13
                      | GPIO_ODR_OD14
                      | GPIO_ODR_OD15;
    }
}
```

> How is the assambly generated for line 9 compeard to the magic value `0x55000000`

The compiler regonizes that it can calculate the or opperations at compile time becouse it only used compile time defines as inputs. This reults in the foloing line of assambly.

```asm
mov.w   r2, #1426063360 @ 0x55000000
```

## assignment 2.3

skiped

## assignment 2.4

skiped

## assignment 2.5

> Copy the project from assignment 2.2 and update the clock to use the $8 MHz$ external cristal (HSE).

I added line 6 throw 15, the rest is uncheached.

```c {.numberLines}
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stm32f4xx.h>

int main(void)
{
    // Enable HSE
    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_HSEON;
    // Wait until HSE is stable
    while ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) == 0);
    // Select HSE as the system clock
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_HSE;
    // Wait until HSE used as the system clock
    while ((RCC->CFGR & RCC_CFGR_SWS_HSE ) == 0);
    // Disable HSI
    RCC->CR &= ~RCC_CR_HSION;
    
    
    // GPIO Port D Clock Enable
    RCC->AHB1ENR = RCC_AHB1ENR_GPIODEN;
    // GPIO Port D Pin 15 down to 12 Push/Pull Output
    GPIOD->MODER = GPIO_MODER_MODER12_0
                   | GPIO_MODER_MODER13_0 
                   | GPIO_MODER_MODER14_0 
                   | GPIO_MODER_MODER15_0;
    // Set green and red LEDs
    GPIOD->ODR = GPIO_ODR_OD12 | GPIO_ODR_OD14;
    // Do forever:
    while (1)
    {
        // Wait a moment
        for (volatile int32_t i = 0; i < 1000000; i++);
        // Flip all LEDs
        GPIOD->ODR ^= GPIO_ODR_OD12
                      | GPIO_ODR_OD13
                      | GPIO_ODR_OD14
                      | GPIO_ODR_OD15;
    }
}
```

I mesured the toggle time to be around 1.5 seconsds. This is what is expected.

> Make use of the PLL to acheef a CPU clock of $100MHz$.

First the power modules needs to be configured to allow for the hige clockspeed.

```c
// enable power control
RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;
// set voltage to support 100 MHz
PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS_0 | PWR_CR_VOS_1;
```

Now the flash latancy is set. The powersupply on the board is $3V$. This means there sould be 3 wait states.

![](https://live.kladjes.nl/uploads/64ef314f-35ef-4435-9d24-16a72257f785.png)

```c
// set flash latency to support 100 MHz
FLASH->ACR |= FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_3WS;
// Wait until the wait states are used
while ((FLASH->ACR & /* ... */ ) == 0);
```

Finaly we configur the PLL itself.

$$
f_{(VCO\ clock)} = f_{(PLL\ clock\ input)} \cdot (\frac{PLLN}{PLLM})
$$
$$
f_{(PLL\ general\ clock\ output)} = \frac{f_{(VCO\ clock)}}{PLLP}
$$

$f_{(PLL\ clock\ input)} = 8 MHz$  
$f_{(PLL\ general\ clock\ output)} = 100 MHz$  
$100 MHz \leq f_{(VCO\ clock)} \leq 432 MHz$  
$PLLP \rightarrow \{2, 4, 6, 8\}$  
$50 \leq PLLN \leq 432$  
$2 \leq PLLM \leq 63$

Becouse of the liminitan of $PLLP$, $f_{(VCO\ clock)}$ can only be 200 or 400 MHz to acheve the correct $f_{(PLL\ general\ clock\ output)}$.

...